Classification of Titanium Materials

1. Commercially Pure Titanium

   It is divided into four grades: TA1, TA2, TA3 and TA4. The higher the grade number, the higher the impurity content and the lower the strength, but it has good plasticity, toughness, excellent corrosion resistance and good weldability.
2. Titanium Alloys

   Titanium alloys are made by adding other alloying elements such as aluminum, vanadium, molybdenum, etc., on the basis of pure titanium. According to the types and contents of alloying elements, titanium alloys can be classified into α-titanium alloys, β-titanium alloys and α+β-titanium alloys.

• α-titanium alloys: They are single-phase alloys composed of α-phase solid solution, which remain α-phase both at room temperature and relatively high service temperatures, with stable structure, higher wear resistance than pure titanium and strong oxidation resistance. They can still maintain their strength and creep resistance at temperatures ranging from 500℃ to 600℃, but cannot be strengthened by heat treatment and have low strength at room temperature.
• β-titanium alloys: They are single-phase alloys composed of β-phase solid solution, which have high strength even without heat treatment. The alloys are further strengthened after quenching and aging, with room-temperature strength reaching 1372–1666 MPa. However, they have poor thermal stability and are not suitable for use at high temperatures.
• α+β-titanium alloys: They are dual-phase alloys with good comprehensive properties, stable structure, excellent toughness, plasticity and high-temperature deformation performance. They can be well subjected to hot pressure processing and can be strengthened by quenching and aging. The strength after heat treatment is about 50%–100% higher than that in the annealed state. They have high high-temperature strength and can work for a long time at temperatures ranging from 400℃ to 500℃, but their thermal stability is inferior to that of α-titanium alloys.

National Standard Numbers of Titanium Alloy Plates, Bars, Wires and Pipes

• Titanium alloy plates:

  GB/T 3621-2022 Titanium and Titanium Alloy Plates and Sheets

  GB/T 31297-2014 TC4ELI Titanium Alloy Plates and Sheets

  GB/T 31298-2014 TC4 Titanium Alloy Heavy Plates

  GB/T 31910-2015 Titanium Alloy Plates and Sheets for Submersibles

  GB/T 38916-2020 High-temperature Titanium Alloy Plates and Sheets for Aerospace Applications

  GB/T 38988-2020 Damage Tolerant Titanium Alloy Plates and Sheets

  GB/T 39985-2021 Titanium-Nickel Shape Memory Alloy Plates and Sheets
• Titanium alloy bars:

  GB/T 2965-2023 Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars

  GB/T 32185-2015 Large-size Titanium Alloy Bars

  GB/T 38917-2020 High-temperature Titanium Alloy Bars for Aerospace Applications

  GB/T 38973-2020 Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars for Additive Manufacturing Powder Production

  GB/T 39989-2021 Superelastic Titanium-Nickel Shape Memory Alloy Bars and Wires
• Titanium alloy wires:

  GB/T 3623-2022 Titanium and Titanium Alloy Wires

  GB/T 30562-2014 Titanium and Titanium Alloy Welding Wires

  GB/T 35365-2017 Titanium Alloy Welding Wires for Submersibles

  GB/T 39989-2021 Superelastic Titanium-Nickel Shape Memory Alloy Bars and Wires
• Titanium alloy pipes:

  GB/T 3624-2023 Seamless Titanium and Titanium Alloy Tubes

  GB/T 3625-2007 Titanium and Titanium Alloy Tubes for Heat Exchangers and Condensers

  GB/T 26057-2010 Welded Titanium and Titanium Alloy Tubes

  GB/T 26058-2010 Extruded Titanium and Titanium Alloy Tubes

  GB/T 37606-2019 Titanium-Steel Clad Tubes

  GB/T 38526-2020 Titanium Tubes for Space Propulsion Systems

Comparison Table of Titanium Grades at Home and Abroad